Author(s)

CARIBAY GODOY-RANGEL, EMANUELE GIORGI

Abstract

Living Labs (LLs) have emerged as effective platforms for real-world experimentation and stakeholder-driven innovation in the built environment. In this context, LLs offer valuable opportunities to bridge the gap between energy performance goals and actual user behaviour, comfort needs and system performance. However, their full potential remains underutilized due to the absence of standardized methodologies, limited documentation on operational strategies and challenges in sustaining long-term stakeholder engagement. This paper proposes a five-step methodological framework to guide the design and implementation of Living Labs aimed at enabling low-carbon buildings, with a focus on thermal comfort, energy performance and participatory strategies. The framework is developed through a literature review of existing literature and case studies from international experiences, selected using predefined inclusion criteria and thematic analysis. Each step in this methodology: (1) scoping and stakeholder mapping; (2) joint definition of objectives and key performance indicators; (3) infrastructure and digital tools planning; (4) participatory implementation and data collection; and (5) evaluation, iteration, and knowledge transfer, integrates lessons learned from real-world initiatives and offers practical tools for diverse contexts. Key challenges – including stakeholder misalignment, limited long-term planning, underdeveloped data infrastructures and inconsistent participatory practices – are critically examined and integrated into the proposed methodological response. This methodological contribution aims to offer clear guidelines to support scalable, robust Living Labs, enhancing their role in advancing building decarbonization through structured stakeholder collaboration and evidence-based implementation strategies.

Keywords

Living Labs, international experiences, low-carbon buildings, methodology