Author(s)

K.H.M. Ali, A.E. Wose & R. Burrows

Abstract

Characteristics of primary salt wedges in long sea outfalls K.H.M. Ali%, A.E. Wose\ R. Burrows* "Department of Civil Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool UK ^Department of Civil Engineering, University of Sunderland, 1. ABSTRACT This paper presents laboratory results and a formulation for predicting the length of arrested salt wedges formed in horizontal circular outfall pipes. The formulation is based on a combination of the energy and the momentum equations. A new expression for the friction factor which takes into account the effect of the two-layer stratification is suggested. Two circular outfall pipes having internal diameters of 5 and 13.75cm were used to conduct the tests and a wide range of various combinations of experimental parameters (saltwater density 1.01 to 1.032g/cnf and densimetnc Froude number 0.42 to 0.92) were used. Measurements of the length of the arrested salt wedge and velocity distributions (for the pipe with diameter = 13.75c

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