Author(s)

CHRISTINA DIKOU

Abstract

This research investigates the transformation of the Greek construction sector through the lens of sustainable development, focusing on the integration of bio-based materials and circular economy principles, aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 11 for sustainable cities and communities. Despite the dominant production model’s reliance on energy-intensive materials with high carbon footprints, the study explores a regenerative construction approach centred on the use of olive kernel residue, an agro-industrial byproduct with carbon-sequestration potential. The research adopts a constructivist–interpretive framework, employing data triangulation through eight semi-structured interviews with Greek architects and experts, case studies and an extensive literature review. Within this context, the study examines the integration of agro-industrial biomass with advanced technologies such as 3D printing and artificial intelligence, highlighting the potential of digitally controlled production of bio-composite building elements. At a theoretical level, the concept of the ‘Mediterranean Pathway’ is introduced, reframing thermal inertia and graded density as passive cooling strategies within the context of digital fabrication. The findings reveal a domestic ‘knowledge paradox’: despite the high level of expertise within the architectural field, the implementation of innovative bio-based materials remains constrained by regulatory and institutional barriers. In response, a four-pillar strategic framework is proposed, including strengthening local production through decentralized units, developing digital traceability systems for materials, exploring institutional incentives for the adoption of bio-based materials and reinforcing interdisciplinary collaboration. In conclusion, the study argues that architecture in the Greek context can be redefined as an active agent in biogenic carbon management, contributing to the transition towards a circular economy and climate-resilient built environment.

Keywords

bio-based materials, circular economy, olive kernel residue, 3D printing, urban mining, rural mining, regenerative design, micro-factories, material passports, Greece