Author(s)

D.J.W. Hardie

Abstract

A comparison between boundary element formulations based on the exact acoustic Helmholtz integral equation and a doubly asymptotic approximation is presented. The potentially faster asymptotic method only poorly describes radiation from underwater projectors, particularly those with non-convex surfaces. Improvements are proposed based on a novel hybrid boundary element and finite element approach. This new scheme is compared with the exact method with regard to both accuracy and computational effort. 1 Introduction There exists a wide variety in design and application of underwater sound projectors. It is usual to consider not only a single radiator's performance but also that of an array comprising two or more. Maximum projector sensitivities and bandwidths are crucial for array acceptance and accurate prediction is demanded. A wide range of frequencies must be considered and in fine detail. This

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