Author(s)

J. Christian & T. Xing Xie

Abstract

The paper discusses the very important aspect of earthmoving operations in a civil engineering project. Very accurate knowledge of the earthmoving operation is generally the vital, critical element in the formation of a good and accurate cost estimate and schedule because of its prominent role in influencing costs and time. The factors which affect the performance of machines are discussed, including the common types of earthmoving operations and a suitable and relevant classification of soils. The importance of haul distance in determining which type of equipment should be used is also considered. The selection of equipment and estimation of costs for earthmoving depends heavily on human experience. The means of eliciting the hum

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