Author(s)

MARVIC GRIMA, REBECCA CARUANA, ALFRED MICALLEF

Abstract

This paper reports on the design, implementation and evaluation of a distributed air quality monitoring system that addresses key challenges in data acquisition, transmission, storage and accessibility. A literature review guided the selection of air quality parameters, sensor technologies and modern communication and storage strategies, with a focus on recent advancements in Internet of Things and Big Data frameworks. A prototype network was developed for deployment across multiple sites in the Maltese Islands. The system integrates analogue, serial and internet protocol (IP)-based sensors through Espressif Systems Model 32-based gateway devices, enabling standardised data acquisition and user datagram protocol-based transmission over IP networks. A custom flat-file storage engine was implemented to manage high-frequency time-series data efficiently, supporting fast, indexed retrieval without the need for traditional database systems. A web-based interface enables remote data visualisation and management. Initial testing with 1 year data demonstrated robust performance and scalability. Future improvements will focus on enhancing usability, protocol support and system security. This work offers a modular, scalable solution for long-term environmental monitoring, leveraging contemporary technologies to support multi-site air quality data collection and analysis.

Keywords

air quality monitoring system, data management, air pollution networks