Author(s)

DANIEL MORÁN-ZULOAGA, MARÍA JAYA-MONTALVO, JOSÉ DANIEL MALDONADO, JAIRO DUEÑAS-TOVAR, STANISLAUS SONNENHOLZNER, PAÚL CARRIÓN-MERO, FERNANDO MORANTE-CARBALLO

Abstract

The Ecuadorian Pacific coastline stretches about 2,200 km, bringing a steady marine breeze that affects the inland areas. The coastal region remains more rural compared to the more urbanized zones further inland. This study involved continuous monitoring of PM_2.5 levels at two locations: CENAIM (coastal) and ESPAE (urban), separated by 100 km. Results showed average PM_2.5 levels of 19±6 µg/m³ in the coastal area and 21±9 µg/m³ in the urban zone. Statistical tests confirmed significant differences between the two sites and across different months. Backward trajectory analysis revealed prevailing winds from the south and west. Cluster analysis identified two main air mass groups: southwest (60%) and west (40%). These findings imply that cleaner air masses may help keep PM_2.5 levels lower at the urban site. Moreover, the research highlights the importance of maintaining the spatial and temporal variability of PM_2.5 along Ecuador’s southern Pacific coast, a critical natural corridor. The study offers key insights for future air quality evaluations and environmental policies.

Keywords

air quality, aerosols, backward trajectory analysis, particle transport, urban pollution