Author(s)

R.G. Cembrowicz & S. Ates

Abstract

Statistically, the greater part of water supply systems' costs is due to distribution. Two classes of models are available for the analysis of distribution networks. First, simulation, the 'hydraulic network balance', treats existing or planned systems whose dimensions and input are known. Simulation has also been extended to in- clude the system's dynamic hydraulic behaviour, tracing also the propagation of wa- ter quality. A second class of models utilizes optimization to design a new network. Cost optimal diameters, pumping heads, inflow rates are determined employing principles of Operations Research, observing constraints including pressure and de- mand, flow velocities, and the hydraulics defined by the simulation model. Once a cost-optimal

Keywords