Author(s)

ROCKLEY G. BOOTHROYD

Abstract

The physical requirements of public transport systems are re-examined so that the influence of future virus pandemics can have minimal effects on public transport use. Rail, bus, tram and civil aviation are included. Previously suggested methods to increase usage of public urban transport are also included and reconsidered to help offset investment costs needed to provide security in future virus pandemics. It is also concluded that government controls to stimulate herd immunity should also include monitoring of the immune systems of populations in order to minimise adverse effects in future pandemics such as mutation of viruses.

Keywords

COVID-19, virus pandemic, public transport systems, human innate and adaptive immunity