Author(s)

Y. Liu, M. A.F. Kendall & B.J. Bellhouse

Abstract

A unique vaccine delivery system, the Epidermal Particle Injection system (EPI), has been developed. The principle of this system is to accelerate pharmaceuticals in micro-particle form by a supersonic jet flow within a convergent-divergent conical nozzle, so that they can attain sufficient momentum to penetrate the outer layer of human skin and thus achieve a pharmacological effect. In this paper, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been utilized to simulate the operation of the delivery system and the simulations have shown a good agreement with experiments. The key features of the gas dynamics and gasparticle interaction are discussed. 1 Introduction Human skin consists of an epidermis of columnar epithelium and

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