Author(s)

A. Bolshakov & I. Golovnykh

Abstract

Urban development aims to ensure a growth of the population’s welfare, on the one hand. On the other hand, it has to secure the ecological equilibrium and keep the historical and cultural \“memory” of the territory. Urban activity is induced by motivations. Motivations are imprinted in corresponding territory structures called cityscape patterns. Motivations can conflict with each other, main conflicts being between: 1. economy and ecology, 2. the social and the private, 3. aesthetics and information, 4. the material and the spiritual. The conflicts are caused by contradictions concerning the landscape and its spatial design. The basis of sustainable development is the landscape. The basis of the landscape is the Earth’s crust surface and relief. The landscape features depend on the relief in the following way. The landscape ecological value depe

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