Author(s)

NICO LARCO, DAVID DOOGHE, NIELS HELD

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive framework that integrates public health research with urban design practice to promote healthier, more equitable cities. Recognizing the historical ties between urban planning and health, the authors respond to the growing need for preventative health strategies by translating fragmented health research into actionable urban design strategies. Building on the Sustainable Urban Design Framework (SUDF), the proposed Urban Design Framework for Health organizes health-promoting design elements across four spatial scales – Region and City, District and Neighbourhood, Block and Street, and Project and Parcel – and seven outcome domains: social cohesion, calming spaces, representing spaces, physical activity, access to healthy food and health facilities, safety and security and environmental health. The framework emphasizes the interdependence of mental and physical health outcomes and the multifaceted role of urban form in shaping them. It highlights how design strategies – such as mixed-use zoning, green infrastructure and culturally resonant public spaces – can foster social interaction, reduce stress, improve mobility and mitigate environmental hazards. The paper also introduces seven key urban design strategies on resilience and adaptability as essential components of health-supportive urban environments, advocating for flexible, community-responsive design that can evolve with changing needs. Rather than offering a prescriptive checklist, the framework serves as a guide for urban designers, planners and policymakers to make informed, context-sensitive decisions. It underscores the importance of community engagement and cultural identity in shaping inclusive, adaptable and health-promoting urban spaces. By centring health in urban design, the paper calls for a collaborative, interdisciplinary approach to building cities that support well-being across the lifespan.

Keywords

urban design, health, mental health, physical health, built environment