Author(s)

GARGY M. SUDHAKARAN, ABHINESH PRABHAKARAN, SAMUEL J. ABBEY, PEIWEN HE, ABDUL-MAJEED MAHAMADU, COLIN A. BOOTH

Abstract

Wheelchair users’ (WCUs) street navigational challenges have been the topic of discussion for many decades. These persistent challenges, together with an alarming number of vulnerable road user injuries and fatalities, underscore the need for a significant revolution in urban planning strategies. Design decisions are best made with, not for, the people who will use the outcomes. Hence, a co-creative approach involving WCUs is optimal for resolving urban design flaws and for creating an inclusive space that enables WCUs to be independent and travel safely. Previous studies have adopted traditional self-reported methods for co-creative planning; however, the lack of embodied experiences, social desirability biases and engagement limitations, highlight the need for a methodology that can gather real-time, embodied and objective feedback. To address the potential risks of involving WCUs in real-life road trials, this study employs eye-tracking technology and virtual environments that replicate real-life obstacles encountered by WCUs, so as to explore their visibility limitations and possible distractions in navigating streets. This paper outlines the technical development of an immersive experimental platform that integrates an eye-tracking system to investigate WCUs’ responses in controlled yet realistic settings. The platform is designed to capture real-time interactions that can be used to analyse mobility patterns, navigation difficulties and highlight potential safety concerns. These can offer valuable insights for spatial planning and policy recommendations, which will enhance WCUs’ accessibility in public spaces. Further to detailing the technical architecture, it also presents a critical reflection on the researcher’s experiences from development to execution, highlighting practical challenges and resolutions. This reflection not only grounds the technical process but also offers foresight into future obstacles, fostering proactive strategies for advancing inclusive technology design.

Keywords

eye tracking, virtual reality, wheelchair user, road safety, sustainability