Author(s)

C. Sabbioni, G. Zappia, N. Ghedini & C. Riontino

Abstract

Black crusts sampled on stone monuments in Rome were analysed to identify the morphological structures, trace elements and matrix components. The contribution of atmospheric deposition to the formation of damage layers was evaluated. Field exposure tests performed at urban sites confirm the damage mechanisms found in the black crusts sampled on monuments. Laboratory tests were carried out on stone and mortar specimens exposed to SO2 and carbonaceous particles. 1 Introduction There is general agreement in the scientific literature that atmospheric pollution is the main agent responsible for the damage encountered on historic buildings and monuments in urban areas [1]. The interaction between atmosphere and materials of artistic interest leads to the formation of degradation

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