Author(s)

L.D. VASSILEVA

Abstract

Design prototypes for the physical and social worlds are found in nature in the domains of flora, fauna and the human body. However, in designing and developing structures and systems, learning from the common creative principles in nature is probably more important than borrowing formal patterns and models. Physical structures and systems in development are designed and modified in response to needs that arise at various interfaces concerning societies and individuals. Principles, learned from nature, and adopted as approaches to structural and behavior aspects of design can assist in resolving successfully intrinsic and extrinsic interface problems of interactions in space and time. The significance of the principles of heterogeneity, complexity, adaptability and integration grows with ever-deepening exploration of nature. Their manifestations are found in an endless variety of forms and relationships in the universe. The lessons derived from nature contribute to a general philosophy of engineering design and justify solutions toward innovations and sustainable existence.

Keywords

adaptability, complexity, heterogeneity, integration